😮
不像中文裡簡單的一到十二月,在許多語言中,各個月份都有屬於自己的名字。
大部分歐洲語言的月份名字來自羅馬神話中的神明,而波蘭的月份名字,則是從農民曆來的!
就讓我們一個個來看它們的起源吧:
Styczeń(一月):「stykać」意思是會面的意思,代表舊的一年與新的一年在一月彷彿見到彼此一樣連接起來。
Luty(二月):在古波蘭文中,「luty」表示「強烈的」、「冷霜」、「極寒」。
Marzec(三月):「marznąć」表示「使……結凍」,也有些人認為這個字來自羅馬神話中的戰神Mars,波文拼法是「Martius」。
Kwiecień(四月):「kwiecie」表示花兒。在經歷極寒的二到三月後,終於春暖花開。
Maj(五月):這是唯一一個確認來自羅馬曆的月份名字,女神「Maia」是豐饒、成長之神,在波蘭文中也是同樣的意思。相近的字中,「majowka」代表的則是戶外旅行。
Czerwiec(六月):波蘭字「czerw」表示抓取,抓取什麼呢?答案是蜜蜂或蛾的幼蟲!在六月,以前的人們會抓幼蟲拿來曬乾,再製成紅色或紫色的顏料。也有人說六月這個波蘭字是來自「czerwiec」,代表變紅或成熟的意思。
Lipiec(七月):七月的名字來自「lipa」這個表示「椴樹」的波蘭字。椴樹在這個時期開花,在波蘭尤其普遍。波蘭詩人揚·科哈諾夫斯基(Jan Kochanowski)就曾作一首詩:〈關於椴樹(Na lipe)〉,其中一段「gosciu siadz pod ma lipa a odpoczyn sobie」即表示「貴客,請到我的椴樹下歇息」。
Sierpień(八月):「sierp」代表鐮刀,在這個豐收的季節,鐮刀自然是不可或缺的工具。
Wrzesień(九月):「wrzosy」表示石楠花,九月時,這種美麗的紫色會在各處盛放。
Październik(十月):「paździerz」表示亞麻或大麻的木質乾燥部分。從前這兩種植物是用來做布料的,十月的時候,風會帶走田地上所有的製完布料後剩餘的部分,在波蘭文中叫作「paździerze」。
Listopad(十一月):這個字來自「padajace liscie」,即落葉之意。
Grudzień(十二月):十二月寒冷的天氣讓地面都結冰了,「gruda」這個字就是指結冰的地面哦!
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了解波蘭月份名字的由來之後,是不是讓你覺得背這些單字更得心應手了呢?
如果這樣的程度太簡單的話,來試試這個跟月份有關的影片吧:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUXa5Hg_QzI
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Did you know that Poland did not adopt Latin names for months and has its own unique names? Unlike many other European countries that derive the names of the months from the Roman names of gods, caesars' or numbers, Polish names of the months take their origins in farmers' calendar. Check out their unique names in the list below.
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1. Styczeń - stykać means "to meet" - "to join" since the old year "meets the new year in January
2. Luty - luty in old Polish means "fierce", "bitter frost", "freezing cold"
3. Marzec - from marznac meaning " to freeze". Some people believe that this name comes also from Roman God "Martius" - in Polish Mars.
4. Kwiecień - from kwiecie - flowers - a blooming month.
5. Maj - this is the only name which was adopted from Roman calendar devoted to goddess Maia. Maia was the Roman female deity of growth or fertility.This name gained its own meaning in the Polish language, for instance as majowka- the outdoor trip.
6. Czerwiec - from czerw meaning "grab" - the larva of a bee or moth. In this month people were picking up the larves, dry them in the sun, and then made from it a red or purple die (pigment); therefore the name "czerw" comes from "redden" and some sources also derive the name of Polish June from a Polish word "czerwienic" - to redden or rippen
7. Lipiec - from lipa - "linden tree" - which flowers in that time; this tree is very popular in Poland. There is a famous poem by Kochanowski "Na lipe" (about Linden tree) - "gosciu siadz pod ma lipa a odpoczyn sobie" - "dear visitor -please sit under my linden tree and relax".
8. Sierpień - sierp is "a sickle" used for harvesting (tool to cut the hay, grass or wheat)
9. Wrzesień - from wrzosy - "heather" that beautifully purple in that time of the year
10. Październik - from paździerz - wooden dry part remained from flax or hemp. In the past flax and hemp was used for making cloths. In that time of the year the wind was carrying out "paździerze" - the wooden waste remained after flax and hemp - all over the fields.
11. Listopad - padajace liscie - falling leaves.
12. Grudzień - gruda - hardened ground which is caused by cold weather.
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To see more about months in Polish, you can watch this video (in Polish):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HBNroYoYQiY
(Adapted from culture.polishsite.us)
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
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打臉來打臉去,目前可確定菲律賓確實有拿姜皇池的文章來証明太平島的淡水不足。但我認為,第一,區區一篇報紙文章不會是作成判決的主要証據,否則太過可笑; 第二,要判斷是不是島,淡水足不足也不是重點。像小琉球也是淡水不足,直到1981年從牡丹水庫連接小琉球的海底水管鋪設完成,才解決水的問題。澎湖的淡水更缺,蓋了海水淡化廠才解決。
但不管怎麼判決,菲律賓都無法拿這個判決要台灣怎麼樣,所以,說誰賣國也都沒意義。
南海仲裁正熱門,半桶水政客想要騙讚也無可厚非。但瞎扯洗白也要有個限度。
苗博雅以為全台灣的人都像你一樣不查證也看不懂英文嗎?
菲律賓代表在聽證會上引用姜皇池教授的投書在這裡:
Day 4 Monday, 30th November 2015
Hearing on the Merits and Remaining Issues
of Jurisdiction and Admissibility
https://www.pcacases.com/web/sendAttach/1550
p.35
Mr President, no further corroboration is needed, but there is more if you would like to see it. Professor Chiang Huang-chih, one of Taiwan's pre-eminent authorities on law of the sea, who teaches public international law and law of the sea at the National University of Taiwan, and is the author of International Law and Taiwan and Introduction to Public International Law and Law of the Sea, published an article in April 2015 which said this about Itu Aba: "There is no oil or food on the island. There used to be fresh water, but after decades of over-extraction there is nothing left and water must be imported from Taiwan. All necessities, except sunlight and air, have to be supplied from outside the island."[52]
[52] Chiang Huang-chih, "Itu Aba claim a distracting waste", Taipei Times (27 Nov. 2015), available at http://www.taipeitimes.com/…/editorials/archives/2015/04/02…, p. 1. Hearing on Merits, Annex 839.
哪裡沒有影響國家利益了?
這樣無腦護航不入流學者,也難怪台灣在國際法戰場上老是吃虧。
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太平島變礁 菲大法官的論點居然用這個[影]
2016/07/13 19:34
http://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201607135015-1.aspx
南海仲裁案判決,把中華民國領土的太平島定位為礁、不是島,菲國大法官的論點說,台灣提出的3口井,其中2口已不再供水,且水很鹹,太平島雖然有井,但不是全年都有水喝。
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太平島遭指水枯 4月學者登島飲水成反證
2016/07/13 22:01
http://www.cna.com.tw/news/aipl/201607130472-1.aspx
南海仲裁案中菲國主張太平島每年在4至5月淡水井即告枯竭,但中華民國政府4月15日曾邀多位知名國際法學者登島親嚐淡水,5月5日也安排多位前任首長前往,顯示淡水供應充沛。
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朝聖請往這邊走:
苗博雅 MiaoPoya 2016年7月13日 22:40
https://www.facebook.com/…/a.83093017031…/1071452589600995/…
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【後續:對一些護航文的破解】
李立民寫的《莫再牽拖姜皇池:你知道仲裁庭認為太平島上的淡水足夠支持人類生活嗎?》,拿了判決書內文想呼嚨英文差的人,其實也只是帶風向的護航文罷了。
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10208714831884159
重點是姜皇池的這段:「There is no oil or food on the island. There used to be fresh water, but after decades of over-extraction there is nothing left and water must be imported from Taiwan. All necessities, except sunlight and air, have to be supplied from outside the island.」
菲律賓代表在聽證會上明確引用姜皇池的主張,雖然最後的仲裁文沒有再次提起姜皇池的名字,但根據的理由基本上是一樣的。
新聞稿(Press release,共11頁)
https://pca-cpa.org/…/PH-CN-20160712-Press-Release-No-11-En…
判決書(Award,共501頁)
https://pca-cpa.org/…/…/175/2016/07/PH-CN-20160712-Award.pdf
427. At the Hearing on the Merits, the Philippines summarised its view of the evidence concerning Itu Aba as follows:
(1) there is no fresh water on Itu Aba suitable for drinking or capable of sustaining a human settlement;
(2) there is no natural source of nourishment on the feature capable of sustaining a human settlement;
(3) there is no soil on Itu Aba capable of facilitating any kind of agricultural production that could sustain human habitation;
(4) there has never been a population on the feature that is indigenous to it;
(5) excluding military garrisons, there has never been human settlement of any kind on Itu Aba;
(6) there was not even a military occupation prior to World War II
(7) the Taiwanese troops that are garrisoned at Itu Aba are entirely dependent for their survival on supplies from Taiwan, and apart from sunlight and air, they derive nothing they need from the feature itself;
(8) no economic activity has been or is performed on Itu Aba.
也就是說,菲律賓早就打定採取姜皇池論點的策略,努力使得仲裁庭作成「太平島無淡水」的心證。
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所幸,仲裁庭找到另外的歷史資料,指出太平島的淡水資源配合雨水收集,在過去可以支撐少數人的生活,故確認在自然條件下成立,無論在今日是否仍然維持。然而,這其實是仲裁庭對「太平島(現今)無淡水」的說法不置可否的意思。
584. Ultimately, the Tribunal notes that the freshwater resources of these features, combined presumably with rainwater collection, evidently have supported small numbers of people in the past (see paragraph 601 below) and concludes that they are therefore able to do so in their natural condition, whether or not that remains the case today.
別忘了,姜皇池正是主張:「太平島上別說是用油與食物,以往尚有淡水可供飲用,但經歷數十年不斷抽取,如今連用水都需從台灣運去。除陽光與空氣外,所有一切所需,均待外援。」來否定「太平島是島」的事實。
如果姜皇池用「我只是幫原告作偽證,但是最後判決書沒提我的名字,可見法官認定我一點都不重要啊!」這種理由狡辯,法律界人士吞得下去,我也是醉了。
derive from意思 在 [題目] derived and originated - 看板TOEIC - 批踢踢實業坊 的推薦與評價
書名:新多益閱讀題庫
版本:國際學村
答案給(B)generated,但是derive from 和originate from不是都是指源自於... 出自於
...的意思嗎?是答案錯,還是我有部分的理解出了問題?
希望大家幫助我一下!!!超級謝謝
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