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分部積分法又稱作部分積分法,是一種積分的技巧。它是由微分的乘法定則和微積分基本定理推導而來的。其基本思路是将不易求得结果的积分形式,转化为等价的但易于求出 ...
#2. 部分積分(Integration by parts)
部分積分(Integration by parts). 部分積分是計算積分的一個重要方法, 其根源是微分學的product rule: 設函數f, g 都有連續的導函數. 則f(x)g(x) 亦可微, 且.
#3. integration by parts 中文 - 查查綫上辭典
integration by parts中文 :分步積分法…,點擊查查權威綫上辭典詳細解釋integration by parts的中文翻譯,integration by parts的發音,音標,用法和例句等。
Integration by parts is another important technique of integration. You might ask, when should I use it? The general rule is, whenever you have a product of ...
#5. integration by parts - 分部積分法 - 國家教育研究院雙語詞彙
出處/學術領域, 英文詞彙, 中文詞彙. 學術名詞 數學名詞, integration by parts, 分部積分法;部分積分法. 學術名詞 數學名詞-兩岸數學名詞, integration by parts, 分 ...
#6. integration by parts的意思- 英漢詞典 - 漢語網
integration by parts中文 的意思、翻譯及用法:[數] 部分積分法,[數] 分步積分法。英漢詞典提供【integration by parts】的詳盡中文翻譯、用法、例句等.
#7. 分部积分法_百度百科
中文 名: 分部积分法; 外文名: Integration by parts; 原 理: 乘积函数求微分法则的逆用. 基本函数: 五类基本函数; 科 目: 高等数学; 数学分支: 数学分析原理 ...
#8. integration by parts中文 - 工商筆記本
分别代指五类基本函数:反三角函数、对数函数、幂函数、指数函数、三角函数的积分。 中文名: 分部积分法; 外文名: Integration by parts; 原理: 乘积函数求微分法则的 ...
#9. integration by parts 中文意思是什麼 - TerryL
integration by parts 中文 意思是什麼 · integration: n 1 結合;綜合;一體化。2 【心理學】整合(作用)。 · by: adv 1 在側,在旁,在附近。2 (擱)在一邊,(放)到旁邊 ...
#10. 數學名詞- 雙語詞彙- 部分積分法英文 - 三度漢語網
中文詞彙 英文翻譯 出處/學術領域 分部積分法;部分積分法 integration by parts 【數學名詞‑兩岸數學名詞 】 分部積分法;部分積分法 integration by parts 【數學名詞】 刻度;分割;除法;部門;段組 division 【機械工程】
#11. integration by parts 意思、解释- 英文词典
在中文里面,我们如何解释integration by parts这个英文词呢? integration by parts这个英文词,中文意思如下:分部积分法分部積分法分部積分法是種積分的技巧。
#12. “IBP”是“Integration By Parts”的英文缩写,意思是“按部件集成”
IBP”缩写通常代表“Integration By Parts”,意思是“按部件集成”。详细介绍英语缩写词IBP的所代表英文单词,其对应的中文拼音、详细解释以及在英语中的流行度。
#13. CALCULUS: § 6-1 分部積分(Integration by Parts)
6-1 分部積分(Integration by Parts). 每一個微分法則, 都有一個相對應的積分法則(Every differentiation rule has a corresponding rule.)。
#14. integration by parts - 抓鸟
integration by parts 的解释是:部分积分法… 同时,该页为英语学习者提供:integration by parts的中文翻译、英英详解、单词音标、在线发音、例句等。
#15. 單字integration by parts的中文意思與發音 - 線上字典
integration by parts中文 意思: integration by parts [] [數]分部積分法..., 學習integration by parts發音, integration by parts例句盡在WebSaru字典。
#16. 美国ACCDON公司旗下品牌 - SCI论文修改
推荐同事 机构合作 中文 繁體中文 English 한국어 日本語 Português Español ... 中英对照. 分部积分法. integration by parts ...
#17. Integration by parts 释义| 柯林斯英语词典
Integration by parts 释义: a method of evaluating an integral by use of the formula ∫udv = uv − ∫vdu | 意思、发音、翻译及示例.
#18. integral中文(繁體)翻譯:劍橋詞典
He's an integral part of the team and we can't do without him. ... In the seven integrals in (4.1) the integration variables and are ...
#19. integration by parts中文是什么意思 - 我比你强问答社区
如果这个页面的内容能够帮你解决问题,请帮忙宣传我比你强问答社区。 回答. integration by parts中文意思是分部积分法.
#20. Integration by parts的中文解释和发音 - 欧路词典
Integration by parts. 有0个发音. 生词本: 添加笔记:. 有奖纠错. | 划词. 词组搭配; 英语百科 · 中文百科 · 英语维基词典 · 英语例句库 ...
#21. [IBP]Integration By Parts - MC百科|最大的Minecraft中文MOD百科
整合包[IBP]Integration By Parts的介绍页,我的世界MOD百科,提供Minecraft(我的世界)MOD(模组)物品资料介绍教程攻略和MOD下载。
#22. INTEGRATION BY PARTS - Thermopedia
中文 English Русский 日本語 Português Español Français Deutsch 关于我们 编辑 联系我们 访问 Begell House. 图书馆订阅: Guest ... INTEGRATION BY PARTS.
#23. 翻译'integration by parts' – 字典中文-英文
检查“ integration by parts”到中文的翻译。浏览句子中integration by parts的翻译示例,听发音并学习语法。
#24. Integration by Parts - XKCD中文站
XKCD中文站,一个关于浪漫、隐喻、数字、以及语言的线上漫画。 Integration by Parts. Integration by Parts. If you can manage to choose u ...
#25. Chapter 7 Techniques of Integration
D sinx 和cos x 的微分有週期性, 利用兩次分佈積分之後再將整個等式處理。 Page 3. 7.1 Integration by Parts goo.gl/QRiic5. 3. Example ...
#26. promote integration - 英中– Linguee词典
大量翻译例句关于"promote integration" – 英中词典以及8百万条中文译文例句搜索。 ... facilitate and promote integration among all parts [...].
#27. Integration by parts积分数学公式推导及图形解释 - CSDN博客
一)Integration by parts数学公式推导首先看Integration by parts的数学定义: 下面开始推导上述公式。 微分数学中的已知公式:. (等式1)
#28. integration中文怎么翻译_英汉词库
integration什么意思,integration中文翻译,n.1. ... integration by parts 【数学】部分积分法。 ... Steps toward integration were quickened in world war ii .
#29. integration by substitution中文 - 社群貼文懶人包
The Substitution Rule for Definite Integrals (page 416).。 Calculus - Integration by Substitution and by Parts - Isaac Physics。 Use of this website and the ...
#30. integration的意思在线翻译:英文解释,中文含义,短语词组,音标 ...
部分分数积分法。 • integration by parts 部分积分法。 • integration by reduction 渐化法,归约积分。
#31. 【Explicit integration formula】的中文翻译和相关专业术语翻译
【Explicit integration formula】的中文译词:显式积分格式; ... formula of integration by parts 分部积分公式; integration formula of product form 乘积型积分 ...
#32. 分部积分法(I)(Integration by Parts (I)) - BiliBili
#33. integration中文意思 - 英语句库
〔美国〕取消种族隔离;给以种族上的平等待遇。 短语和例子 integration by parts 【数学】部分积分法。 转载请注明原文地址: https://en.17lexue.com/read-51817.html ...
#34. 分部积分法(integration by parts) - 好文- 码工具
分部积分法是微积分中重要的计算积分的方法。它的主要原理是把一个积分转变成另一个较为容易的积分。 不定积分的分部积分法推导设函数和具有连续导数 ...
#35. integration and coordination-翻译为中文-例句英语
使用Reverso Context: coordination and integration,在英语-中文情境中翻译"integration and coordination"
#36. ReadyToShip WooCommerce Tracking Integration - WordPress
ReadyToShip is a simple, powerful and affordable tool that automates the manual parts in your shipping process, saving you hours every day.
#37. 中文> 技术介绍-青新方电子科技有限公司
IoT filter network Integration. In IoT system designs, the RF filter and by-pass filter are the main discrete parts around the RF chip ...
#38. Application Integration - Host Integration Server | Microsoft Docs
Security. Get details on using single sign-on with Transaction Integrator, limitations, and protecting the different parts and components to ...
#39. Integration with Epicor ERP - part 1 - LinkedIn
Part one is what you need to know about integrating with Epicor in general terms. Parts two and three will be about the options for getting ...
#40. Integration by parts (practice) | Khan Academy
Practice finding indefinite integrals using the method of integration by parts.
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As part of this dynamic team, your role will be responsible for leading the mergers and acquisitions processes in support of the Personal ...
#42. Integration by parts - MATLAB integrateByParts - MathWorks
This MATLAB function applies integration by parts to the integrals in F, in which the differential du is integrated.
#43. 论文成果 - 江苏大学教师个人主页
An integration by parts formula in a Markovian regime switching model and application to sensitivity analysis. 点击次数: 所属单位:财经学院 发表 ...
#44. Yuh-Dak - Vertical Injection Molding Machine Manufacturer
History. The production of YUHDAK Machinery Co., Ltd., can be planned, designed and manufactured for the integration of peripheral equipment of vertical special ...
#45. Fiery Integration Package
Customer Release Notes Fiery API v5.2 PDF Document. English | Français | Italiano | Deutsch | Español | Português do Brasil | Nederlands | 简体中文 | 日本語 ...
#46. European Dream and Reluctant Integration in the 21st Century
書名:European Dream and Reluctant Integration in the 21st Century:Lessons for Ongoing Asian Regionalism ... Part One: How to Advance Reluctant Integration
#47. Integration by parts, DI method | Math Online Tom Circle
(Traditional Method learnt at O-Level) Integration by Parts:NEW Technique taught by this ... Ideal Math = [(中文 + English) * Français] ^ IT ...
#48. By Parts Integration Calculator - Symbolab
Free By Parts Integration Calculator - integrate functions using the integration by parts method step by step.
#49. Adyen Payments integration for BigCommerce
Maximise your revenue with our direct integration. With an all-in-one platform you can avoid costly exchange and settlement fees and mine every available ...
#50. 什麼是QlikView? - Qlik | Help
中文 (台灣) (變更) ... 用戶端管理:Data Integration ... browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work.
#51. App Integration Preview Releases
UiPath 活动中文(简体) ... You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work.
#52. CHON TENG PRECISION CO., LTD: Home
CTT is an OEM parts CNC machining services company. We offer a comprehensive range of OEM Parts machining services. We can handle any project right from a ...
#53. Bolt & Voice Integration | Photon Engine
In this tutorial, we will show how you can integrate your Photon Bolt game ... Great, now you should have a better idea of all moving parts of this sample.
#54. Integration with OnePass on Windows (CUHK Login via ADFS)
Integration with OnePass on Windows (CUHK Login via ADFS). Information included on this page will help you to install and use Shibboleth for authentication and ...
#55. Continuous Integration with TIA Portal - ID: 109801203
This application example demonstrates a simple workflow for implementation of parts of the Continuous Integration process with the Siemens ...
#56. What is an e-Commerce Integration? - Revenue River
e-Commerce integration is data transfer between your web platform and the five ... other 3rd party systems to manage all of the different parts but how you ...
#57. Lumens: Home
English · 繁體中文 · 简体中文 · Русский. ☰ Logo. ×. Product. PTZ Camera Video Conference Camera Box Camera Document Cameras Media Processor AV over IP ...
#58. What is integration by parts - Sesli Sözlük
What is integration by parts? Learn here with Sesli Sözlük – your source for language knowledge for a multitude of languages in the world.
#59. Arm® Cortex®-M4|Kinetis K60/61-120–150 MHz 32-bit MCUs
K60_120: Kinetis ® K60/61-120–150 MHz, Mixed-Signal Integration and Anti-Tamper Microcontrollers based on Arm ® Cortex ® -M4 Core.
#60. Windchill Enterprise Systems Integration | PTC
ERP and MES Integration: Publishing parts, bills of materials (BOMs), documents, changes, process plans, operations, and resource instructions; Digital Product ...
#61. cncKad EPLAN busbar integration - Metalix CAD/CAM Sheet ...
cncKad now supports importing of EPLAN designs, which include multiple busbar parts. You can edit bends and profiles, view the part in 3D and ...
#62. Process Support Engineer 製程工程師- Location - 104人力銀行
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#63. PLM Integration with Altium NEXUS Server | 4.1 User Manual
The publishing operation uses a publishing template – defined as part of the PLM instance integration configuration – to control how data should be ...
#64. Integration by parts formula — Vector - Depositphotos
Integration by parts formula Stock vector 368670952 ⬇ Download from Depositphotos ⚡ Millions of royalty-free vector images & illustrations.
#65. STMicroelectronics: Home
ST is pleased to be taking part in the annual CES event in Las Vegas to kick off 2022. Details. 09 - 13 Jan 22 at 1:13 PM.
#66. Moxa - Your Trusted Partner in Automation
... edge gateways use cloud services to simplify the integration of edge data. ... Deutschland / Deutsch · 日本 / 日本語 · 中国 / 简体中文 · 台灣 / 繁體中文.
#67. integration by parts แปลว่า - การแปลภาษาอังกฤษ - TR-Ex
คำในบริบทของ"INTEGRATION BY PARTS"ในไทย-อังกฤษที่นี่มีหลายตัวอย่างประโยคแปลที่ประกอบด้วย"INTEGRATION BY PARTS"-ไทย-อังกฤษแปลและเครื่องยนต์สำหรับไทยแปลค้นหา.
#68. Hotkey Features Integration (Version 9) for Windows 10 (64-bit)
This software enables F1-F12 special keys and buttons on your computer.
#69. Zoho Books App Integration with Zendesk Support
Integrate the Zoho Books app into Zendesk Support. Get access to key account data of your customer with Zohobooks' Zendesk app.
#70. REST API, SIEM & DevOps Integration | Sophos Cloud Optix
Access Cloud Optix Features Programmatically via a REST API and Integrate Seamlessly with SIEM and DevOps Tools to Streamline Security Operations and ...
#71. Silicon Labs
SOFTWARE & TOOLS BY PART. Featured Tool ... Secure provisioning services to customize your parts ... English; 简体中文; 日本語. Log In; Register ...
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... solutions with POS integration and Data Magnet integration solutions. ... SBB is a part of the United Group, which operates in six countries of the ...
#73. Business Integration Images, Stock Photos & Vectors
Find business integration stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection.
#74. Service Test & Integration Specialist | Vanderlande Careers
You will become part of the IT Services department, which consists out of service consultancy, architecture, project management and service management for ...
#75. Lens Matched Shading and Unreal Engine 4 Integration Part 1
Lens Matched Shading (LMS) is one of the new technologies introduced along with the Pascal architecture, with the specific purpose of ...
#76. 2019 Kia Sorento LX in Wendell, NC - Leith Chrysler Dodge ...
Research the 2019 Kia Sorento LX in Wendell, NC at Leith Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram. 5XYPG4A3XKG541399 View pictures, specs, and pricing & schedule a test ...
#77. 2021 Nissan Kicks SR in Cary, NC
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#78. Google 翻譯
Google 的免費翻譯服務提供中文和其他上百種語言的互譯功能,能即時翻譯字詞、詞組和網頁內容。
#79. Homepage | SWIFT - The global provider of secure financial ...
中文 | 日本語 | All languages ... 中文. 了解我们提供的中文内容 ... Real-time payments · Connectivity · Integration · Financial messaging · Get started with ...
#80. KBR
DeclineAllow cookies. KBR logo. Welcome to KBR.com. Please select your preferred language. English (US); English (AU); English (UK); 简体中文; Русский.
#81. wiwynn announces its first overseas rack server integration ...
NEW TAIPEI CITY, Taiwan, Dec. 20, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- WIWYNN ANNOUNCES ITS FIRST OVERSEAS RACK SERVER INTEGRATION PLANT IN JOHOR, MALAYSIA.
#82. Configuring authentication settings and profiles - Zoom Support
Important: For authentication profiles using Single Sign-On, this must be a separate integration that is not associated with a Zoom SSO integration already.
#83. COVID-19 County Check Tool | CDC
... highly effective at limiting the spread of COVID-19 and preventing severe illness, vaccination in some parts of the country remains low.
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integration by parts中文 在 YouTube Data API Overview | Google Developers 的推薦與評價
Introduction
This document is intended for developers who want to write applications that interact with YouTube. It explains basic concepts of YouTube and of the API itself. It also provides an overview of the different functions that the API supports.
Before you startYou need a Google Account to access the Google API Console, request an API key, and register your application.
Create a project in the Google Developers Console and obtain authorization credentials so your application can submit API requests.
After creating your project, make sure the YouTube Data API is one of the services that your application is registered to use:
Go to the API Console and select the project that you just registered.
Visit the Enabled APIs page.
In the list of APIs, make sure the status is ON for the YouTube Data API v3.
If your application will use any API methods that require user authorization, read the authentication guide to learn how to implement OAuth 2.0 authorization.
Select a client library to simplify your API implementation.
Familiarize yourself with the core concepts of the JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) data format. JSON is a common, language-independent data format that provides a simple text representation of arbitrary data structures. For more information, see json.org.
Resources and resource types
A resource is an individual data entity with a unique identifier. The table below describes the different types of resources that you can interact with using the API.
Resources
activity
Contains information about an action that a particular user has taken on the YouTube site. User actions that are reported in activity feeds include rating a video, sharing a video, marking a video as a favorite, and posting a channel bulletin, among others.
channel
Contains information about a single YouTube channel.
channelBanner
Identifies the URL to use to set a newly uploaded image as the banner image for a channel.
channelSection
Contains information about a set of videos that a channel has chosen to feature. For example, a section could feature a channel's latest uploads, most popular uploads, or videos from one or more playlists.
guideCategory
Identifies a category that YouTube associates with channels based on their content or other indicators, such as popularity. Guide categories seek to organize channels in a way that makes it easier for YouTube users to find the content they're looking for. While channels could be associated with one or more guide categories, they are not guaranteed to be in any guide categories.
i18nLanguage
Identifies an application language that the YouTube website supports. The application language can also be referred to as a UI language.
i18nRegion
Identifies a geographic area that a YouTube user can select as the preferred content region. The content region can also be referred to as a content locale.
playlist
Represents a single YouTube playlist. A playlist is a collection of videos that can be viewed sequentially and shared with other users.
playlistItem
Identifies a resource, such as a video, that is part of a playlist. The playlistItem resource also contains details that explain how the included resource is used in the playlist.
search result
Contains information about a YouTube video, channel, or playlist that matches the search parameters specified in an API request. While a search result points to a uniquely identifiable resource, like a video, it does not have its own persistent data.
subscription
Contains information about a YouTube user subscription. A subscription notifies a user when new videos are added to a channel or when another user takes one of several actions on YouTube, such as uploading a video, rating a video, or commenting on a video.
thumbnail
Identifies thumbnail images associated with a resource.
video
Represents a single YouTube video.
videoCategory
Identifies a category that has been or could be associated with uploaded videos.
watermark
Identifies an image that displays during playbacks of a specified channel's videos. The channel owner can also specify a target channel to which the image links as well as timing details that determine when the watermark appears during video playbacks and then length of time it is visible.
Note that, in many cases, a resource contains references to other resources. For example, a
Supported operationsplaylistItem
resource'ssnippet.resourceId.videoId
property identifies a video resource that, in turn, contains complete information about the video. As another example, a search result contains either avideoId
,playlistId
, orchannelId
property that identifies a particular video, playlist, or channel resource.The following table shows the most common methods that the API supports. Some resources also support other methods that perform functions more specific to those resources. For example, the
videos.rate
method associates a user rating with a video, and thethumbnails.set
method uploads a video thumbnail image to YouTube and associates it with a video.Operations
list
Retrieves (
GET
) a list of zero or more resources.insert
Creates (
POST
) a new resource.update
Modifies (
PUT
) an existing resource to reflect data in your request.delete
Removes (
DELETE
) a specific resource.The API currently supports methods to list each of the supported resource types, and it supports write operations for many resources as well.
The table below identifies the operations that are supported for different types of resources. Operations that insert, update, or delete resources always require user authorization. In some cases,
list
methods support both authorized and unauthorized requests, where unauthorized requests only retrieve public data while authorized requests can also retrieve information about or private to the currently authenticated user.Supported Operations
list
insert
update
delete
activity
caption
channel
channelBanner
channelSection
comment
commentThread
guideCategory
i18nLanguage
i18nRegion
playlist
playlistItem
search result
subscription
thumbnail
video
videoCategory
watermark
Quota usage
The YouTube Data API uses a quota to ensure that developers use the service as intended and do not create applications that unfairly reduce service quality or limit access for others. All API requests, including invalid requests, incur at least a one-point quota cost. You can find the quota available to your application in the API Console.
Projects that enable the YouTube Data API have a default quota allocation of 10,000 units per day, an amount sufficient for the overwhelming majority of our API users. Default quota, which is subject to change, helps us optimize quota allocations and scale our infrastructure in a way that is more meaningful to our API users. You can see your quota usage on the Quotas page in the API Console.
Note: If you reach the quota limit, you can request additional quota by
Calculating quota usagecompleting the Quota extension
request form for YouTube API Services.
Google calculates your quota usage by assigning a cost to each request. Different types of
operations have different quota costs. For example:
A read operation that retrieves a list of resources -- channels, videos, playlists -- usually
costs 1 unit.
A write operation that creates, updates, or deletes a resource usually has costs
50
units.A search request costs
100
units.A video upload costs
1600
units.The Quota costs for API requests table shows the
Partial resourcesquota cost of each API method. With these rules in mind, you can estimate the number of requests
that your application could send per day without exceeding your quota.
The API allows, and actually requires, the retrieval of partial resources so that applications avoid transferring, parsing, and storing unneeded data. This approach also ensures that the API uses network, CPU, and memory resources more efficiently.
The API supports two request parameters, which are explained in the following sections, that enable you to identify the resource properties that should be included in API responses.
How to use theThe
part
parameter identifies groups of properties that should be returned for a resource.The
fields
parameter filters the API response to only return specific properties within the requested resource parts.part
parameterThe
part
parameter is a required parameter for any API request that retrieves or returns a resource. The parameter identifies one or more top-level (non-nested) resource properties that should be included in an API response. For example, avideo
resource has the following parts:snippet
contentDetails
fileDetails
player
processingDetails
recordingDetails
statistics
status
suggestions
topicDetails
All of these parts are objects that contain nested properties, and you can think of these objects as groups of metadata fields that the API server might (or might not) retrieve. As such, the
part
parameter requires you to select the resource components that your application actually uses. This requirement serves two key purposes:It reduces latency by preventing the API server from spending time retrieving metadata fields that your application doesn't use.
It reduces bandwidth usage by reducing (or eliminating) the amount of unnecessary data that your application might retrieve.
Over time, as resources add more parts, these benefits will only increase since your application will not be requesting newly introduced properties that it doesn't support.
How to use thefields
parameterThe
fields
parameter filters the API response, which only contains the resource parts identified in thepart
parameter value, so that the response only includes a specific set of fields. Thefields
parameter lets you remove nested properties from an API response and thereby further reduce your bandwidth usage. (Thepart
parameter cannot be used to filter nested properties from a response.)The following rules explain the supported syntax for the
fields
parameter value, which is loosely based on XPath syntax:Use a comma-separated list (
fields=a,b
) to select multiple fields.Use an asterisk (
fields=*
) as a wildcard to identify all fields.Use parentheses (
fields=a(b,c)
) to specify a group of nested properties that will be included in the API response.Use a forward slash (
fields=a/b
) to identify a nested property.In practice, these rules often allow several different
fields
parameter values to retrieve the same API response. For example, if you want to retrieve the playlist item ID, title, and position for every item in a playlist, you could use any of the following values:fields=items/id,playlistItems/snippet/title,playlistItems/snippet/position
fields=items(id,snippet/title,snippet/position)
fields=items(id,snippet(title,position))
Note: As with all query parameter values, the
Sample partial requestsfields
parameter value must be URL encoded. For better readability, the examples in this document omit the encoding.The examples below demonstrate how you can use the
part
andfields
parameters to ensure that API responses only include the data that your application uses:Example 1 returns a video resource that includes four parts as well as
kind
andetag
properties.Example 2 returns a video resource that includes two parts as well as
kind
andetag
properties.Example 3 returns a video resource that includes two parts but excludes
kind
andetag
properties.Example 4 returns a video resource that includes two parts but excludes
kind
andetag
as well as some nested properties in the resource'ssnippet
object.Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Optimizing performance
Using ETags
ETags, a standard part of the HTTP protocol, allow applications to refer to a specific version of a particular API resource. The resource could be an entire feed or an item in that feed. This functionality supports the following use cases:
Caching and conditional retrieval – Your application can cache API resources and their ETags. Then, when your application requests a stored resource again, it specifies the ETag associated with that resource. If the resource has changed, the API returns the modified resource and the ETag associated with that version of the resource. If the resource has not changed, the API returns an HTTP 304 response (
Not Modified
), which indicates that the resource has not changed. Your application can reduce latency and bandwidth usage by serving cached resources in this manner.The client libraries for Google APIs differ in their support of ETags. For example, the JavaScript client library supports ETags via a whitelist for allowed request headers that includes
If-Match
andIf-None-Match
. The whitelist allows normal browser caching to occur so that if a resource's ETag has not changed, the resource can be served from the browser cache. The Obj-C client, on the other hand, does not support ETags.Protecting against inadvertent overwrites of changes – ETags help to ensure that multiple API clients don't inadvertently overwrite each other's changes. When updating or deleting a resource, your application can specify the resource's ETag. If the ETag doesn't match the most recent version of that resource, then the API request fails.
Using ETags in your application provides several benefits:
The API responds more quickly to requests for cached but unchanged resources, yielding lower latency and lower bandwidth usage.Your application will not inadvertently overwrite changes to a resource that were made from another API client.
The Google APIs Client Library for JavaScript supports
If-Match
andIf-None-Match
HTTP request headers, thereby enabling ETags to work within the context of normal browser caching.Using gzip
You can also reduce the bandwidth needed for each API response by enabling gzip compression. While your application will need additional CPU time to uncompress API responses, the benefit of consuming fewer network resources usually outweighs that cost.
To receive a gzip-encoded response you must do two things:
Set the
Accept-Encoding
HTTP request header togzip
.Modify your user agent to contain the string
gzip
.The sample HTTP headers below demonstrate these requirements for enabling gzip compression:
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