關於 preliminary understanding ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

貓咪的智商有多高呢？

雖然目前沒有明確的答案，而我們在生活中也鮮少見到貓咪如同狗兒一般，參與有關搜救、守衛、牧羊、搜索等工作，但有跟貓咪接觸過的人，絕沒有人會認為貓咪是愚笨的動物。

在早年的研究認為貓比狗笨一些，因為貓咪的大腦僅占了體重的0.9%(狗兒平均為1.2%，成人則是2%)，但近期研究則是推翻了這個說法，因為研究結果顯示腦袋大小與智力沒有正相關，且經由研究發現，貓咪不只會辨識不同物種間的數量(註1)，更是可以理解人類手勢所含的意義(註2)。

光從這兩點，就足以顯示貓咪不只聰明，更是懂得觀察及解讀訊息的動物。尤其在人貓相處之間，貓咪非常懂得如何利用聲音、行為等方式來”操作”飼主，讓飼主瞭解貓咪的需求。而越是聰明的貓咪，越懂得箇中巧楚。好啦，我家阿橘叫個不停，我該去看看他要幹什麼了，我們下次再聊。

附註：
1. Quantity discrimination in felines: a preliminary investigation of the domestic cat
（https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10164-008-0121-0$

2. A comparative analysis of animals' understanding of the human pointing gesture
（https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10071-005-0008-1）

英文學術寫作寶典 3: Compare and Contrast 比較與對比

熱騰騰的學術片語又出爐了! 同學快來下載 ⬇️

By understanding similarities and differences between two things, we can increase our understanding and learn more about both. This usually involves a process of analysis, in which we compare the specific parts as well as the whole. Comparison may also be a preliminary stage of evaluation. For example, by comparing specific aspects of A and B, we can decide which is more useful or valuable. Many paragraphs whose function is to compare or contrast will begin with an introductory sentence expressed in general terms.

透過了解兩者間的異同，可以加深我們的理解並充分了解這兩者；這通常涉及一連串過程的分析，我們比較特定部分以及整個部分在這個過程中。比較也可能是評估的初步階段。例如，藉由比較A和B的特定方面，我們可以確定哪個更有用或更具價值。許多用來比較或對照的段落是從一般術語表達的首句開始。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

英文學術寫作寶典 I: 議題介紹
http://bit.ly/2YeHhVZ

英文學術寫作寶典 II: 解釋因果關係
http://bit.ly/3rinvpd

撰寫英文學術論文的參考寶典 (教學影片) Intro Video
https://youtu.be/t2WfYDQH_9U

完整的片語詞庫大全 Complete Phrasebank:
http://www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk/

精簡版: http://bit.ly/3i5iWuY

詞彙區別: https://bit.ly/2OJETlb

★★★★★★★★★★★★

如何用新聞學習英文: http://bit.ly/3nSvKpQ

#衛福編編報報 #英文版 ⏲發文時間：2020/04/11
❗我國通報世界衛生組織(WHO)電郵內容事實陳述之聲明❗
>>>http://at.cdc.tw/cYY203
　
✏The facts regarding Taiwan’s email to alert WHO to possible danger of COVID-19
>>>at.cdc.tw/23iq82
　
In response to WHO’s denial that Taiwan ever alerted it to the possibility of human-to-human transmission of COVID-19, the Central Epidemic Command Center makes the following statement today, April 11:
　
1. The Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (Taiwan CDC) learned from online sources that there had been at least seven cases of atypical pneumonia in Wuhan, China. In China, the term “atypical pneumonia” is commonly used to refer to SARS, a disease transmitted between humans caused by coronavirus.
　
2. Owing to its experience with the SARS epidemic in 2003, Taiwan vigilantly kept track of information about the new outbreak. On December 31, 2019, Taiwan sent an email to the International Health Regulations (IHR) focal point under the World Health Organization (WHO), informing WHO of its understanding of the disease and also requesting further information from WHO. Given the lack of clarity at the time, as well as the many rumors that were circulating, Taiwan’s aim was to ensure that all relevant parties remained alert, especially since the outbreak occurred just before the Lunar New Year holiday, which typically sees tremendous amounts of travel. To be prudent, in the email we took pains to refer to atypical pneumonia, and specifically noted that patients had been isolated for treatment. Public health professionals could discern from this wording that there was a real possibility of human-to-human transmission of the disease. However, because at the time there were as yet no cases of the disease in Taiwan, we could not state directly and conclusively that there had been human-to-human transmission.
　
3. The Taiwan CDC also contacted the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in a bid to obtain more information. However, in response to our inquiries, the WHO IHR focal point only responded with a short message stating that Taiwan’s information had been forwarded to expert colleagues; China provided only a press release.
　
4. Even though Taiwan strongly suspected that human-to-human transmission of the disease was already occurring at the time, we were unable to gain confirmation through existing channels. Therefore, on the day the aforementioned email was sent to WHO, the Taiwan government activated enhanced border control and quarantine measures based on the assumption that human-to-human transmission was in fact occurring. These measures included screening passengers on flights from Wuhan prior to disembarkation.
　
5. In mid-January, the Taiwan CDC dispatched experts to Wuhan to gain a better understanding of the epidemic, the control measures taken there, and patients’ exposure history. Based on preliminary research, Taiwan determined that this form of pneumonia could indeed spread via human-to-human transmission.

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Training and Nutrition Around The Menstrual Cycle with Ben Siong

A really informative chat with fitness and health expert Ben Siong. For all my sisters, who have always questioned bout why they have irregular periods, why they bloat, why they have painful periods, what's the possible cause for bleeding more than two weeks here's a video that will help explain those questions!

The human body is very complicated and my dear sisters, ours is even more complicated cause we have a thing called the period. Ben is one of the few coaches who takes the time to not only understand the physiology of the body but also the mind which is incredibly crucial. I do hope you take away valueable information from this video, because Ben's had shared a lot of his expertise during this 1 hour. :)

Questions Timestamps:

1:50 We hear a lot from old folks that women shouldn’t lift lower body higher than stomach for optimal reproductive system. Truth or myth?

8:25 Should we train during period?

10:15 Pre period - what to eat to avoid bloating (if ur vegan or vegetarian) so u still have the energy to lift weights?

15:16 What exercises to do pre period so that during menses it’s less painful?

16:55 Why do some cycles end quicker for instance as quick as 4 days? Should she consult the gynae?

21:00 My Personal encounter of bleeding 4 months straight, what would have been the response for excessive bleeding?

24:00 Brief chat on understanding PCOS and PCO

29:27 In a paper "Preliminary Evidence for a Window of Increased Vulnerability to Sustain a Concussion in Females: A Brief Report" the author states that declining or low levels of estrogen and progesterone (specifically in the late luteal phase and first two days of menstruation) can reduce neuroprotection and blunt recovery time from traumatic brain injury symptoms (i.e. concussions). Would those decreased levels of hormones, and reduced neuroprotection also impact CNS recovery? And would female athletes have to then avoid highly taxing sessions/peaking periods during this time frame?

37:11 I've read that lower back pain during menstruation is caused by the uterus swelling which can create pressure on the uterosacral ligaments and lead to pain in the lower back and pelvis. Is this accurate? If so should females generally avoid deadlifts/front squats/lower back intensive exercises during this period? Should they be left out entirely, or replaced by something else?

38:21 Besides the supplementation of magnesium and iron, are there other ways we should change the way we eat around our cycles?

39:48 Personally, I do workout during this period of time & it does make me feel better.
However, I realised that if I perform very high intensity workout on the first two days of my period, I tend to have lesser flow for the month. I feel completely well & healthy but I’m not sure if that’s something I should be worried about

41:53: I have irregular period, in that case what type of training and nutrition I should opt for coach?

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